A total of 24,996 contigs were assigned to various cellular components, molecular function and biological process gene ontology (GO) categories, as shown in Figure 2.

orbita contig BLAST hit rate was in a similar range to other whole mollusc genome/transcriptome studies with hits ranging from 25% to 40%.

Overall 28,364 contigs (~37%) had significant BLAST hits (e value 11 × 10 −5). Male hypobranchial gland 2, January, 2015īasic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis was performed using 76,152 contigs with Open Reading Frames (ORF)s against non-redundant protein database National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Nr (Mollusc specific proteins), Swiss-Prot and KEGG protein databases. Male hypobranchial gland 1, January, 2015 orbita (Muricidae Neogastropoda) and then search these transcriptomes for potential metabolic pathways that could contribute to indole and choline ester biosynthesis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) PATHWAYS database.įemale hypobranchial gland 1, August, Breeding season, 2014įemale hypobranchial gland 2, August, Breeding season, 2014įemale hypobranchial gland 1, January, 2015įemale hypobranchial gland 2, January, 2015 Therefore, the aim of this study was to generate a more comprehensive transcriptome from the hypobranchial glands, prostate glands, capsule glands, albumen glands, and mantle and foot tissues of D. However, the study was limited by short read lengths and a low total number of reads. This study confirmed that the hypobranchial gland is a significant site for protein synthesis and regulation, but the only enzyme associated with Tyrian purple production identified was arylsulphatase. orbita used suppressive subtractive hybridisation to identify genes that were upregulated in the hypobranchial gland, the biosynthetic organ where Tyrian purple is produced. orbita is an ideal model species for gene expression studies of biosynthetic pathways that may be involved in the synthesis of biologically active secondary metabolites. Transcriptomics can identify genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. lenavati and Lophiotoma olangoensis, a Turrid snail. Only a few transcriptome profiling studies have been undertaken on predatory marine neogastropods including the gonadal tissues of Reishia (Thais) clavigera, the mantle, foot, gills and gonadal tissues of Concholepas concholepas, the alimentary canal and salivary glands of Colubraia reticulata, the venom glands of Conus consors and the venom ducts of C. Mollusc transcriptome studies have been instrumental in establishing the gene expression events associated with shell formation, host parasite interactions, nervous system function, immune defence, developmental processes and cellular and physiological mechanisms. Transcriptomics provides information on the genes expressed by an organism under certain circumstances or stages of development, in a particular tissue or cell type. The “post-genomics era” has seen an expansion in the application of bioinformatics to the fields of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Tyrindoxyl sulfate ( A), the ultimate Tyrian purple precursor in Dictahais orbita, is held as a salt of the choline ester murexine ( B). These transcriptome data provide a significant molecular resource for gastropod research in general and Tyrian purple producing Muricidae in particular. However, there were no matches to known bromoperoxidase enzymes within the D. orbita expresses a number of genes associated with indole, sulfur and histidine metabolism pathways that are relevant to Tyrian purple precursor biosynthesis, and many of which were not found in the fully annotated genomes of three other molluscs in the KEGG database. Annotation with reference to the Nr, Swiss-Prot and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases identified candidate-coding regions in 76,152 of these contigs, with transcripts for many enzymes in various metabolic pathways associated with secondary metabolite biosynthesis represented. orbita generated over 201 million high quality reads that were de novo assembled into 219,437 contigs. Illumina HiSeq 2000 transcriptome sequencing of hypobranchial glands, prostate glands, albumen glands, capsule glands, and mantle and foot tissues of D. However, the biosynthetic pathways that produce these secondary metabolites in D. Dicathais orbita is a mollusc of the Muricidae family and is well known for the production of the expensive dye Tyrian purple and its brominated precursors that have anticancer properties, in addition to choline esters with muscle-relaxing properties.

Tyrian 2000 special input